生物降解塑料是指一类由自然界存在的微生物如细菌、霉菌（真菌）和藻类的做用而引起降解的塑料。理想的生物降解塑料是一种具有优良的使用性能、废弃后可被环境微生物完全降解、被无机化而成为自然界中碳素循环的一个组成部分的高分子材料。
Biodegradable plastics refer to a kind of plastics degraded by natural microorganisms such as bacteria, molds (fungi) and algae. The ideal biodegradable plastic is a kind of polymer material with excellent use performance, which can be completely degraded by environmental microorganisms after being discarded, and become an integral part of the carbon cycle in nature.
“纸”是一种典型的生物降解材料，而“合成塑料”则是典型的高分子材料。因此，生物降解塑料是兼有“纸”和"合成塑料"这两种材料性质的高分子材料。

"Paper" is a typical biodegradable material, while "synthetic plastic" is a typical polymer material. Therefore, biodegradable plastics are polymer materials with the properties of both "paper" and "synthetic plastics".
推荐性GB/T 20197-202X对降解塑料的定义是，在自然界各种条件下，完全降解变成二氧化碳（CO2）或/和甲烷、水（H2O）及其所含元素的矿化无机盐以及新的生物质的一种塑料。
Recommended International GB/T 20197-202X defines degradable plastics as a kind of plastics that can be completely degraded into carbon dioxide (CO2) or/and methane, water (H2O) and the mineralized inorganic salts of the elements it contains, as well as new biomass under various natural conditions.
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